Encyclopedia of Earth Science

CONTENTS
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction    xiii
Entries A–Z    1
Feature Essays: “Coping with Sea-Level Rise in Coastal Cities” 81
“Gaia Hypothesis”   82
“Desertification and Climate Change”  116
“Earthquake Warning Systems”    131
“Loma Prieta Earthquake, 1989”  132
“Mississippi River Basin and the Midwest Floods of 1927 and 1993”   152
“Age of the Earth”   166
“Formation of the Earth and Solar System”   203
“Galveston Island Hurricane, 1900”   214
“Is There Life on Mars?”   262
“Lahars of Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia, 1985”   266
“History of Ocean Exploration”   302
“The World’s Oldest Ophiolite”   307
“Homo sapiens sapiens and Neandertal Migration and Relations in the Ice Ages”  338
“Is Your Home Safe from Radon?”   350
“Why Is Seawater Blue?”   379
“Seismology and Earth’s Internal Structure”   383
“December 26, 2004: Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami”   437
“Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics”   452
Appendixes:
Appendix I  Periodic Table of the Elements   477
Appendix II The Geologic Timescale   479
Classification of Species    480
Summary of Solar System Data   480
Evolution of Life and the Atmosphere   480
Index   481



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Abstract

The BAL z =3.91 quasar’s high Fe/O ratio has led to a reexamination of big bang’s spacetime expansion postulate and the discovery that it predicts a CBR redshift of z>36000 instead of the widely accepted z ∼ 1000. This result leads an expansion-predicted CBR temperature of only T =0.08 K, which is contradicted by the experimental T =2.73 K. Contrary to longheld belief, these results strongly suggest that the F-L expanding spacetime paradigm, with its expansion redshifts, is not the correct relativistic description of the universe. This conclusion agrees with the earlier finding (gr-qc/9806061) that the universe is relativistically governed by the Einstein static spacetime solution of the field equations, not the F-L solution. Disproof of expansion redshifts removes the only support for the Cosmological Principle, thus showing that the spherical symmetry of the cosmos demanded by the Hubble redshift relation can no longer be attributed to the universe being the same everywhere. The Cosmological Principle is flawed.
Instead of the universe being both homogeneous and isotropic, instead it is only isotropic about a nearby universal Center. These results suggest that the new Cosmic Center Universe model, based
on Einstein’s static spacetime solution of the field equations, deserves the attention of the scientific community. One significant advantage of the new model is that it restores conservation of energy to physics, in stark contrast to the big bang, which involved gargantuan nonconservation of CBR energy losses amounting to more than thirty million times the baryonic mass of the visible universe (gr-qc/9806061).



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Abstract:

A nonhomogeneous universe with vacuum energy, but without spacetime expansion, is utilized together with gravitational and Doppler redshifts as the basis for proposing a new interpretation of the Hubble relation and the 2.7K Cosmic Blackbody Radiation.


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CBT Nuggets Amazon Web Services AWS Foundations:

Course Duration: 08:09:25

               

Amazon Web Services: AWS Foundations - Getting the Most from this Series

00:03:09

This startup Nugget discusses the purpose of the progression and what viewers will gain from viewing it.

               

 AWS Foundations: How to Build a Cloud Presence

00:37:45

It seems everyone is moving toward "The Cloud." Let's see how to do it! This video compares two approaches of building your cloud existence: the traditional method (your own data center) and Amazon Web Services (AWS). In addition, you will learn about Vertical Scaling and Horizontal Scaling in cloud atmospheres.

               

 AWS Foundations: Getting Started with AWS

00:34:51

It's time to check out AWS...what's it going to take? Do they want my credit card? How much does this cost? What do I get? In this Chunk, Jeremy answers all of those questions! By the time you're done here, you'll understand the key AWS services, account desires, and what's included in the AWS "free tier."

               

 EC2: Creating an EC2 Instance - AMI Selection

00:24:53

We're diving right into the most popular component of AWS: Elastic Cloud Computing (EC2). In this Nugget, Jeremy walks through the look and feel of the AWS Management Console as well as the many sources when generating an Amazon Machine Image (AMI).

EC2: Creating an EC2 Instance - Pricing

00:30:12

There are three pricing models used with Amazon EC2 that offer drastic differences in your bottom line (you want to understand these!!!). This Piece walks through the differences between On-Demand, Reserved, and Spot instance pricing. By time you're done here, you'll know exactly how to budget your EC2 projects in AWS!

               

 EC2: Creating an EC2 Instance - Instance Types

00:26:33

It's a drop-down box everybody uses - "Select your Instance Type": Micro, Small, Large, Extra Large, Super Extra Huge Large. But what does all that mean... really? This Nugget unpacks the EC2 Occasion Types - by time you're done here, you'll fully understand Memory, EC2 Computing Units (ECUs), IO performance, and more!              

EC2: Creating an EC2 Instance - Tags and Key Pairs

00:29:51

The more instances you create in AWS EC2, the more you need good descriptions of what each instance does. Tags are the key to keeping your sanity for this! In this Nugget, Jeremy discusses the use of tags as well as breaking down the use of EC2 Key Pairs in Windows and Linux environments.

               

EC2: Making an EC2 Instance - Security Groups

00:33:57

When you create instances in EC2, you'll be using some type of Security Group - it's a feature that's on by default. However, since you cannot change security groups after you've generated an instance, you'll be MUCH better poised to handle this correctly if you know what you're doing before you start. This Nugget explains all!

               

 EC2: Creating an EC2 Instance - Elastic IPs and ELB

00:31:32

At times, "The Cloud" does get a little bit... cloudy. Elastic IP addresses allow you to put something a tangible (Static Public IP Addresses) to an amorphous environment... But all that is simply introduction to the Elastic Load Balance (ELB) abilities of AWS. In this Nugget, Jeremy discusses when to use use, the capabilities, and pure awesomeness of everything ELB.

VPC: It's MY Cloud Now! Understanding AWS Network Management

00:31:54

The networking of Amazon EC2 is very "auto-magic": your servers get a private IP, are mapped to a public, Elastic IP and just start working (for the average admin). But you are no typical admin! VPC moves you to the next level, allowing you to create your own private subnets with complete access control. This Nugget gets at the core of VPC, creating a single instance configuration with a single private/public subnet.

               

VPC: It's MY Cloud Now! Understanding AWS Network Management, Part 2

00:31:38

Think of this as your VPC Advanced Configuration Nugget. In this Nugget, Jeremy walks through the MANUAL configuration of a public/private VPC relationships. From producing the CIDR block, to assigning subnets, internet gateway routers, and routing tables, this Nugget is loads of fun!

               

VPC: It's MY Cloud Now! Understanding AWS Network Management, Part 3

00:25:24

When you decide to design your own networking with VPC, you gain quite a bit of elasticity... and difficulty! In this Nugget, Jeremy directs through the design and configuration of Security Groups within the public/private VPC environment.

               

 S3 Foundations: Getting Started with S3

00:26:39

Amazon's Simple Storage Service (S3) is just that: Simple storage in the cloud. But why do we need this? What are some practical uses? How much does it cost? All those questions and more are answered in this informational Nugget.

               

S3 Foundations: Working with S3 Storage

00:28:07

The S3 adventure continues in the AWS Management Console: Creating buckets, uploading files, setting permissions, and hosting websites! As a bonus, Jeremy goes through a modest method to make your website available worldwide using CloudFront (Amazon's Edge Distribution Network).

               

 Route 53: DNS Management Made Easy

00:33:21

The DNS service is so simple, its critical status is often overlooked: if your organization were to lose DNS for its services, EVERYTHING fails. In this Nugget, Jeremy unpacks the DNS management capabilities of AWS. When you're done here, you'll understand Route 53 valuing, core DNS configuration, and DNS load balancing options (simple, weighted, and latency-based).

               

               

IAM: Creating and Managing User Access

00:28:48

When you originally create an AWS account, the username and password you used to produce the account has "master access" to every area of AWS. This is fine for a "one-man show," but you'll eventually need other restrictions. This Nugget covers everything you need to get started with AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM): Creating users, creating groups, generating policies, Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), and assigning roles.

AWS Case Study: CBT Nuggets Move to the Cloud

00:21:35

CBT Nuggets may never have created the AWS series if they would not have experienced the power of it first-hand! In this Nugget, Jeremy walks through the process CBT Nuggets went through to move their organization to AWS.

               

AWS: Series Wrap-up

00:09:16

This Nugget wraps up the AWS series, discussing the key topics covered, as well as providing direction on where to go next.

LINK:


https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0BxZtTjDUbG-1RzZvYjVUMmoxUXc